“Without doubt Oswald badly misfired. But one question still remains unanswered: who loaded the starting gun?”[i]– J. G. Ballard
“Fight! Fight! Fight!”[ii]– Donald Trump
In J.G Ballard’s book Atrocity Exhibition, which is not a typical novel and a collection of fragments, mostly from stories already published in prior years, are stories about Elizabeth Taylor’s tracheotomy, Ronald Reagan’s sexual appeal, and a reimagining of the shooting of JFK as a car race.[iii] The book is confusing at first, some chapters are only a page long and seemingly have no connection to each other. In a preface for the 2001 edition of the book, Ballard addresses this confusion, and he writes that readers could, instead of starting from the beginning of the book, “simply turn the pages until a paragraph catches your eye. If the ideas or images seem interesting, scan the nearby paragraphs for anything that resonates in an intriguing way.”[iv] This illustrates Ballard’s critique of mass media and technology that pervades much of his writing. This critique is even more relevant today, as people scroll endlessly through X/Twitter, Instagram for news updates that are eye-catching and sensational, not informative or substantive.
The Atrocity Exhibition’s form emulates mass media, as its purpose is not to tell a clear, intelligible narrative, but to be a series of shocking, obscenely detailed, grotesque fragments that describe death, psychosis, and cadavers in gruesomely precise, surgeon like detail. Ballard captures this purpose, his hope for the reader understanding this when he concludes his 2001 preface by writing that after approaching the book in the way he suggests, “the underlying narrative will reveal itself. In effect, you will be reading the book in the way it was written”[v] Just like corporate media is designed to manipulate and distort, opting for gross spectacle, akin to John Alan Schwartz’s Faces of Death, The Atrocity Exhibition is meant to be obscene.[vi] His views on technology and our relationship with it were incredibly prescient.
We see a similar series of fragments manifesting in the aftermath of the assassination attempt of on Donald Trump. An array of conspiracy theories, denials, and incessant speculation have supplanted news coverage of the event. Even pundits whose proclaimed role is to bring people the news, like those on CNN and MSNBC, offer their thoughts on what happened and what it will mean for the November election, instead of just stating the facts as they come.
Just like the narratives of Ballard, the 24-hour news cycle contains within it interweaving stories and multiple biased and warped interpretations of events as they are unfolding. As the story of the Trump shooting unfolds, we already see many conspiracy theories developing on all sides, from claims that the assassination attempt was likely staged, that Trump was not shot at all, a theory being amplified by deranged lunatic Keith Olbermann, or that the shooting was an inside job, intended to remove Trump from the presidential race at the behest of the deep state.[vii]
The truth is somewhere, but it is not likely to be found in a political landscape so distorted by partisanship. The primary fissure dividing Americans is not between Republicans and Democrats, it is between the illiberal liberal class and the underclass. If Americans are bickering over silly conspiracy theories and whose rhetoric is more violent, Trump’s or the Democrats, then there is no outrage directed at the overt authoritarianism occurring out in the open, whether it’s the expansion of the security state to the move by the Democratic party elite to force Biden out of the race via negative news coverage and political pressure, which succeeded this week. Rather than analyze events and compare coverage, people seek affirmation of the narrative to which they are a subscriber. When you subscribe to certain news outlets and figures, you are not just subscribing to them, but to a narrative. Their analysis works to mold and bolster this narrative, and to ensure it is not challenged, or if it is, it is by such buffoonish, fringe arguments that adherence to the dogma is bolstered further. This is one of the greatest atrocities being carried out by the illiberal liberal class. We are being treated like herd animals, shepherded to different teams and imprisoned there, stuck in what Theresa Amato calls “political apartheid”, which is a duopoly imposed by what Ralph Nader calls the “uniparty” in Washington.[viii]
The fallout from the shooting of Trump is not manifesting a moment of understanding or empathy, but one of furiously fanning the flames of civil war. To the illiberal liberal class, Trump supporters are still scum, and to his opposition, they are still the protectors of democracy and the rule of law. On the other hand, to the Trump camp, the Democrats are still communist demons hired by Lucifer to end the Judeo-Christian foundations of Western civilization. Narrative control is a full-time job no matter who’s side you pledge allegiance to, and if the shooting of a presidential candidate cannot spark a reflective period on the toxicity of the apocalyptic narratives perpetuated by the illiberal liberal class, it is hard to see what will.
The shocking, grotesque imagery in Ballard’s stories is paralleled by the many fantasies celebrities shared since Trump’s election in 2016 about assassinating him, “blowing up the White House”, wishing rape and torture on him (television actress Debra Messing expressed this through a tweet published in 2020, in which she said that “Rape is an act of violence. Trump has perpetrated violence on hundreds of millions of people. My hope is (and this is the first time in my life) that the tables are turned and he is the victim of perpetrators,”), and hoping the US military would raid the White House and forcefully depose him (actress Rosie O’Donnell said on an MSNBC panel that “I want to send the military to the White House to get him,”)[ix] In one of my English Literature seminars during the exchange year of my undergraduate degree, a guest lecturer who had written a book on an future apocalypse due to climate change, which had an image of a man in a red hat on the cover, an overt reference to a Trump supporter, told us that as she was writing her book, she initially wanted to have one of her characters kill Trump. Rapper Snoop Dogg, in a music video for his song “Lavender”, points a prop gun at a mock version of Trump and he pulls the trigger.[x] Comedian Kathy Griffin famously posed with a bloody replica of Trump’s head in a photoshoot, and she has since complained that the infamous photoshoot tanked her career, and she blames pressure from the Trump regime and the right-wing media complex for this.[xi]
To be clear, all these depictions, though vile, are perfectly legal. Wishing death on someone and roleplaying their assassination should not be censored, just like Ballard’s illustrations of events like Kennedy’s assassination, a mock plotting of killing his widowed wife, or his depiction of actress Elizabeth Taylor’s tracheotomy were depraved, but not legally obscene and worthy of burning.
In the fallout from the attempted assassination on Trump, conservatives and right-wing media are pointing fingers at the corporate media, what they erroneously call ‘the Left’, and the plethora of Democratic officials and their associates who have lamented that the shooter missed Trump or who are expressing faux sympathy wishing him a speedy recovery. The corporate propaganda machine that insists Trump is a modern Adolf Hitler and must be stopped by any means necessary did not incite Trump’s shooter, just as Sarah Palin did not incite Gabby Giffords’ shooter, or Bernie Sanders did not incite the congressional baseball game shooting.[xii] It may be tempting to use the illiberal liberal class’s tactics against them, branding their incendiary propaganda as incitement in retaliation, but it is misguided and exposes a lack of principles, not heroism or a willingness to fight the enemy on their own terms. It is true that outlets like CNN and The New York Times are adamant that Trump incited the J6 riot or ‘insurrection’, Tucker Carlson incited the racist shooting in Buffalo (though this charge relied on the falsity that Carlson spread the White Nationalist ‘great replacement theory’, further the shooter’s manifesto did not mention Carlson and in it he expressed contempt for FOX News), or that Trump’s rhetoric incited the MAGA plot to kidnap Michigan governor Gretchen Whitmer (this was later revealed to be an FBI concocted plot), and countless other mythical invocations of incitement, which is and should be applied narrowly to speech that imminently incites violence.[xiii]
Some in the illiberal liberal class are decrying Trump’s decision to raise his fist in the air and chant “Fight! Fight! Fight!” seconds after being shot as worrying and evidence that Trump will spin the attempt on his life as a move by the Deep State or another insidious actor.[xiv] Even after he was almost killed, it is Trump and his MAGA followers who we are told are the only people calling for violence and civil war, not their opposition.
People are right to denounce the hypocrisy of many conservatives who are calling cheers for Trump’s would be assassin and glee that a supporter in the crowd was killed, and two were critically injured, hate speech and incitement that is the sort of rhetoric that led to the attempt on Trump’s life, as these are the same conservatives who argue, correctly, that Trump did not incite the J6 riot in his speech delivered at the Capitol on that day, and that hate speech is a fraudulent concept designed to perpetuate victim culture. In an article for The New Statesman, Jill Filipovic writes of conservatives that “They are right that words can incite violence-they would know.”[xv] She is wrong, but now that some conservatives are crying hate speech, the position that incitement has a broader application than is stated in the Brandenburg v. Ohio ruling, which declares that speech can only be censored if it is likely to result in ‘imminent incitement to lawless action’, is not being challenged but boosted.[xvi] This is a dangerous precedent and in their imagined crusade against a surging ‘Communist Left’, conservatives are sowing the seeds of a censorship standard and regime that will deface the First Amendment and free speech values. This crusade is embodied by the X personality Libs of TikTok’s campaign to out and force the firing or resignation of people who post on social media their glee that Trump was shot and expressing disappointment that he survived. Some of these people are teachers or government officials, but some are not. One person who was outed and fired was a woman who worked at Home Depot, and the official Home Depot X account confirmed that she no longer works for the company.[xvii] In her announcement of the campaign, Libs of TikTok proclaims “In fact, because of Libs of TikTok, TEN DERANGED LEFTISTS have already been FIRED from their jobs because we showed the world that they support murdering President Trump.”[xviii] People who make jokes about or cheer on Trump’s the assassination attempt on Trump are hateful and despicable, but they are engaging in protected speech, and freedom of speech must include the freedom to hate. This includes wishing death on people, even politicians, and this idea, that the so called ‘Left’ started cancel culture, thus the only rational and reasonable response is to follow in kind, and to perpetuate a counter cancel culture, is preposterous and it exposes many on the religious right and in the Republican party for being as censorious and morally uptight as those they decry on the ‘Left’ or the ‘woke Left’.
This trend of censorship and doxing is unsurprising, as we have been witnessing a complete U-turn across most of the conservative right on the issue of free speech, where the exact hive mind culture on college campuses and in media corporations they have been speaking out against for years is not limited to the ‘woke Left’. When it comes to Israel and the Middle East, they are exactly what they claim to hate. Consider the firing of Candace Owens from The Daily Wire, the ostracization of Tucker Carlson for questioning US support for Israel and his interview with a Palestinian pastor from Bethlehem, and the bill passed earlier this year by the US Congress which establishes a definition of antisemitism.[xix] There are countless clips of Ben Shapiro, Charlie Kirk, and other prominent conservative figures denouncing cancel culture on US college campuses and in the corporate sector, especially in DEI campaigns and the incorporation of Pride and pro-trans rhetoric.[xx]
In the days after the Trump rally shooting, we see those who claim to oppose the censorious behavior of the ‘woke Left’ emulating their tactics. Having principles is difficult, especially when those you despise are spewing hateful rhetoric, lamenting that Trump’s shooter missed, wishing he was a better shot, or lauding him as a hero, are all vile, but this does not make it illegal, nor should it. As Noam Chomsky said many years ago, “If we don’t believe in freedom of expression for people we despise, we don’t believe in it at all.”[xxi]
Conclusion
Since Trump was elected, many in power and without it have called for his death, including people I know and am close to, and one can disagree with and condemn such rhetoric without deeming it hate speech and thus criminal. The shooter’s actions were illegal and abhorrent, and those who support him and what he did are abhorrent, as is their speech, but their rhetoric is protected speech- it must be, otherwise the First Amendment is meaningless and the free speech values it champions and upholds are worthless.
This is one of the most concerning developments in US and Western politics and the Trump shooting has not resulted in cooled rhetoric from him or the illiberal liberal class, it has instead made it even more heated. Trump’s cohort are blaming Democrats and the anti-Trump sect. Though these accusations are well founded, labelling rhetoric that applauds Trump’s shooting hater speech is a mistake.
The illiberal liberal class is desperately trying to distance themselves from the shooter and his motivations. There are some, like Margaret Sullivan, who are rushing to note that criticism of Trump is still necessary, despite his near-death experience. Sullivan writes in The Guardian that “The assailant’s bullets didn’t destroy history, and they shouldn’t destroy the rule of law.”, and though this is a valid point, there is criticizing Trump and his supporters, and then there is demonizing him and his movement.[xxii] To be fair, there is an op-ed in The New York Times by David French in which he calls for criticism of Trump that does not demonize him or his base but focuses solely on his policy agenda and his actions.[xxiii] French, an anti-Trump conservative and member of the illiberal liberal class, is deluded in his view of the threat of Trump a second Trump regime, and he writes in his conclusion that “We won’t preserve American democracy through silence and timidity. It is still necessary to publicly state the facts about Trump and make arguments about the consequences of his potential second term.”[xxiv] This is commendable, but it is not what the illiberal liberal class practices. They can preach it all they like, but the myriad articles expressing terror and shock at what Trump will do in his second term are unhinged and their claims are not reality based. French then writes that “At the same time, we should remember that our words can shape our society in deadly and dangerous ways. Stochastic terrorism does exist, and my conviction that my political opponents are wrong — even seriously wrong — should not overcome my compassion for them as human beings.”[xxv] Here is where the right, in its warpath to purge people who mock Trump’s shooting, is using the same logic as those they claim to abhor. French and figures like Shapiro use this logic to silence alleged antisemites and now people who wish death on Trump and his supporters. The concept of stochastic terrorism is an illiberal liberal construct, and words are powerful, but they are not violence. Those who oppose the illiberal liberal class must reject the labelling of abhorrent speech as criminal and as incitement. This may be more difficult following an atrocity like the shooting of Trump, but it is even more necessary.
[i] Ballard, J. G., and William S. Burroughs. The Atrocity Exhibition. 1969. Reprint, Flamingo, 2001.
[ii] Orie, Amarachi, Chris Liakos, and Andrew Millman. “What Was Said on Stage in the Seconds after Trump Was Shot | CNN Politics.” CNN, July 14, 2024. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/14/politics/what-was-said-on-stage-after-trump-was-shot/index.html.
[iii] Ballard and Burroughs. The Atrocity Exhibition.
[iv] Ballard and Burroughs. The Atrocity Exhibition.
[v] Ballard and Burroughs. The Atrocity Exhibition.
[vi] C, Luiz H. “Looking Back on the Fact and Fiction behind ‘Faces of Death.’” Bloody Disgusting! April 5, 2024. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3806744/looking-back-on-the-fact-and-fiction-behind-faces-of-death/.
[vii] Gaydos, Ryan. “Ex-ESPN Star Keith Olbermann Questions Whether Trump Was Shot by a Bullet after Former Doc’s Update.” The New York Post, July 21, 2024. https://nypost.com/2024/07/20/us-news/ex-espn-star-keith-olbermann-questions-whether-trump-was-shot-by-a-bullet-after-former-docs-update/.
[viii] Amato, Theresa. Grand Illusion: The Myth of Voter Choice in a Two-Party Tyranny. The New Press, 2009., and Nader, Ralph. Crashing the Party. Macmillan, 2007.
[ix] Ng, David. “16 Times Hollywood Celebs Fantasized about Violence against Trump, Compared Him to Hitler.” Breitbart, July 14, 2024. https://www.breitbart.com/entertainment/2024/07/14/16-times-hollywood-celebs-fantasized-about-violence-against-trump-compared-him-to-hitler/.
[x] Platon, Adelle. “Snoop Dogg on ‘Lavender’ Video Parodying Trump: ‘Nobody’s Dealing with the Real Issue with This F–King Clown as President.’” Billboard, March 13, 2017. https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/snoop-dogg-lavender-video-donald-trump-clowns-director-jesse-wellens-7718241/.
[xi] CBS News. “Death Threats, Cancellations, Investigations: Kathy Griffin Says She Would Do It All Again.” http://www.cbsnews.com, March 24, 2019. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kathy-griffin-on-death-threats-cancellations-investigations-over-trump-severed-head-photo/.
[xii] MacAskill, Ewen. “Gabrielle Giffords Shooting Reignites Row over Rightwing Rhetoric in US.” The Guardian, January 9, 2011, sec. US news. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/09/gabrielle-giffords-shooting-rightwing-rhetoric., and Shortell, David. “Congressional Shooter Fired at Least 70 Rounds | CNN Politics.” CNN, October 6, 2017. https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/06/politics/congressional-shooter-70-rounds/index.html.
[xiii] Cabral, Sam. “Capitol Riots: Did Trump’s Words at Rally Incite Violence?” BBC News, February 14, 2021, sec. US & Canada. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55640437., Gabbatt, Adam. “Fox News Suddenly Goes Quiet on ‘Great Replacement’ Theory after Buffalo Shooting.” the Guardian, May 17, 2022. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/may/17/buffalo-shooting-fox-news-tucker-carlson-great-replacement-theory., Otten, Tori. “Uh, WTF? Michigan Republican Awards Two Men Acquitted in Whitmer Kidnapping Plot.” The New Republic, November 1, 2023. https://newrepublic.com/post/176548/michigan-republican-awards-two-men-acquitted-whitmer-kidnapping-plot., and
[xiv] Concha, Joe. “Lefty Media Kept Bias on Full Display after Trump Was Shot.” The New York Post, July 14, 2024. https://nypost.com/2024/07/14/opinion/lefty-media-kept-bias-on-full-display-after-trump-was-shot/.
[xv] Filipovic, Jill. “Republicans Are Correct That Words Can Incite Violence – They Would Know.” New Statesman, July 17, 2024. https://www.newstatesman.com/comment/2024/07/republicans-are-correct-that-words-can-incite-violence-they-would-know.
[xvi] Global Freedom of Expression. “Brandenburg v. Ohio – Global Freedom of Expression.” Global Freedom of Expression, 2018. https://globalfreedomofexpression.columbia.edu/cases/brandenburg-v-ohio/.
[xvii] Binion, Billy. “Getting a Home Depot Employee Fired for Calling for Trump’s Assassination Is Still Cancel Culture.” Reason.com, July 17, 2024. https://reason.com/2024/07/17/getting-a-home-depot-employee-fired-for-calling-for-trumps-assassination-is-still-cancel-culture/.
[xviii] TikTok, Libs of. “I’m Taking on Those Who Wish DEATH upon President Trump.” http://www.libsoftiktok.com, July 16, 2024. https://www.libsoftiktok.com/p/im-taking-on-those-who-wish-death.
[xix] Fang, Lee. “The Right Has Embraced Cancel Culture.” UnHerd, January 11, 2024. https://unherd.com/2024/01/the-right-has-embraced-cancel-culture/., Lake, Eli. “Tucker Carlson’s Turn.” https://www.thefp.com/, April 15, 2024. https://www.thefp.com/p/tucker-carlsons-turn., and Pengelly, Martin. “US House Votes to Pass Antisemitism Bill in Response to Campus Protests.” The Guardian, May 1, 2024, sec. US news. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/may/01/house-antisemitism-bill-university-protest.
[xx] DailyWire+, and Ben Shapiro. “Cancel Culture Comes for Us All | the Ben Shapiro Show Ep. 1047.” YouTube, July 8, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lGFt3JlxTY., and The Daily Wire. “The Cancel Culture Collection.” The Daily Wire, 2021. https://www.dailywire.com/collections/cancel-culture.
[xxi] Chomsky, Noam. “Noam Chomsky – Freedom of Speech for Views You Don’t Like.” http://www.youtube.com, February 4, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-oV42OMQoE.
[xxii] Sullivan, Margaret. “‘Turning down the Temperature’ Shouldn’t Mean Silencing All Criticism of Trump.” The Guardian, July 16, 2024, sec. Opinion. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2024/jul/16/trump-shooting-biden-critique-accountability.
[xxiii] French, David. “Opinion | Criticize Trump, but Don’t Demonize Him.” The New York Times, July 18, 2024, sec. Opinion. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/18/opinion/trump-assassination-violence.html.
[xxiv] French. “Opinion | Criticize Trump, but Don’t Demonize Him.”
[xxv] French. “Opinion | Criticize Trump, but Don’t Demonize Him.”
References
Amato, Theresa. Grand Illusion: The Myth of Voter Choice in a Two-Party Tyranny. The New Press, 2009.
Ballard, J. G., and William S. Burroughs. The Atrocity Exhibition. 1969. Reprint, Flamingo, 2001.
Binion, Billy. “Getting a Home Depot Employee Fired for Calling for Trump’s Assassination Is Still Cancel Culture.” Reason.com, July 17, 2024. https://reason.com/2024/07/17/getting-a-home-depot-employee-fired-for-calling-for-trumps-assassination-is-still-cancel-culture/.
C, Luiz H. “Looking Back on the Fact and Fiction behind ‘Faces of Death.’” Bloody Disgusting! April 5, 2024. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3806744/looking-back-on-the-fact-and-fiction-behind-faces-of-death/.
Cabral, Sam. “Capitol Riots: Did Trump’s Words at Rally Incite Violence?” BBC News, February 14, 2021, sec. US & Canada. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55640437.
CBS News. “Death Threats, Cancellations, Investigations: Kathy Griffin Says She Would Do It All Again.” http://www.cbsnews.com, March 24, 2019. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kathy-griffin-on-death-threats-cancellations-investigations-over-trump-severed-head-photo/.
Chomsky, Noam. “Noam Chomsky – Freedom of Speech for Views You Don’t Like.” http://www.youtube.com, February 4, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-oV42OMQoE.
Concha, Joe. “Lefty Media Kept Bias on Full Display after Trump Was Shot.” The New York Post, July 14, 2024. https://nypost.com/2024/07/14/opinion/lefty-media-kept-bias-on-full-display-after-trump-was-shot/.
DailyWire+, and Ben Shapiro. “Cancel Culture Comes for Us All | the Ben Shapiro Show Ep. 1047.” YouTube, July 8, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lGFt3JlxTY.
Fang, Lee. “The Right Has Embraced Cancel Culture.” UnHerd, January 11, 2024. https://unherd.com/2024/01/the-right-has-embraced-cancel-culture/.
Filipovic, Jill. “Republicans Are Correct That Words Can Incite Violence – They Would Know.” New Statesman, July 17, 2024. https://www.newstatesman.com/comment/2024/07/republicans-are-correct-that-words-can-incite-violence-they-would-know.
French, David. “Opinion | Criticize Trump, but Don’t Demonize Him.” The New York Times, July 18, 2024, sec. Opinion. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/18/opinion/trump-assassination-violence.html.
Gabbatt, Adam. “Fox News Suddenly Goes Quiet on ‘Great Replacement’ Theory after Buffalo Shooting.” the Guardian, May 17, 2022. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/may/17/buffalo-shooting-fox-news-tucker-carlson-great-replacement-theory.
Gaydos, Ryan. “Ex-ESPN Star Keith Olbermann Questions Whether Trump Was Shot by a Bullet after Former Doc’s Update.” The New York Post, July 21, 2024. https://nypost.com/2024/07/20/us-news/ex-espn-star-keith-olbermann-questions-whether-trump-was-shot-by-a-bullet-after-former-docs-update/.
Global Freedom of Expression. “Brandenburg v. Ohio – Global Freedom of Expression.” Global Freedom of Expression, 2018. https://globalfreedomofexpression.columbia.edu/cases/brandenburg-v-ohio/.
Lake, Eli. “Tucker Carlson’s Turn.” https://www.thefp.com/, April 15, 2024. https://www.thefp.com/p/tucker-carlsons-turn.
MacAskill, Ewen. “Gabrielle Giffords Shooting Reignites Row over Rightwing Rhetoric in US.” The Guardian, January 9, 2011, sec. US news. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/09/gabrielle-giffords-shooting-rightwing-rhetoric.
Nader, Ralph. Crashing the Party. Macmillan, 2007.
Ng, David. “16 Times Hollywood Celebs Fantasized about Violence against Trump, Compared Him to Hitler.” Breitbart, July 14, 2024. https://www.breitbart.com/entertainment/2024/07/14/16-times-hollywood-celebs-fantasized-about-violence-against-trump-compared-him-to-hitler/.
Orie, Amarachi, Chris Liakos, and Andrew Millman. “What Was Said on Stage in the Seconds after Trump Was Shot | CNN Politics.” CNN, July 14, 2024. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/14/politics/what-was-said-on-stage-after-trump-was-shot/index.html.
Otten, Tori. “Uh, WTF? Michigan Republican Awards Two Men Acquitted in Whitmer Kidnapping Plot.” The New Republic, November 1, 2023. https://newrepublic.com/post/176548/michigan-republican-awards-two-men-acquitted-whitmer-kidnapping-plot.
Pengelly, Martin. “US House Votes to Pass Antisemitism Bill in Response to Campus Protests.” The Guardian, May 1, 2024, sec. US news. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/may/01/house-antisemitism-bill-university-protest.
Platon, Adelle. “Snoop Dogg on ‘Lavender’ Video Parodying Trump: ‘Nobody’s Dealing with the Real Issue with This F–King Clown as President.’” Billboard, March 13, 2017. https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/snoop-dogg-lavender-video-donald-trump-clowns-director-jesse-wellens-7718241/.
Shortell, David. “Congressional Shooter Fired at Least 70 Rounds | CNN Politics.” CNN, October 6, 2017. https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/06/politics/congressional-shooter-70-rounds/index.html.
Sullivan, Margaret. “‘Turning down the Temperature’ Shouldn’t Mean Silencing All Criticism of Trump.” The Guardian, July 16, 2024, sec. Opinion. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2024/jul/16/trump-shooting-biden-critique-accountability.
The Daily Wire. “The Cancel Culture Collection.” The Daily Wire, 2021. https://www.dailywire.com/collections/cancel-culture.
TikTok, Libs of. “I’m Taking on Those Who Wish DEATH upon President Trump.” http://www.libsoftiktok.com, July 16, 2024. https://www.libsoftiktok.com/p/im-taking-on-those-who-wish-death.
Not Without Incident: Questioning Big Brother's Platitudes 
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